Let us discuss:
How Fermentation Microbiology help us shift from a hydrocarbon economy to a bio-based green economy?

Interesting questions for critical thinking:

• How the organic acid producers accumulate large amount of the acid in medium against the concentration gradient?
• How the problem of gradient formation (with respect to pH, temp, nutrient/product concentration, etc.) inside a fermentor vessel is linked to stress-regulation of the process organism?